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ARMORED CLOTHING
Test Methods
Official Edition
Introduction
1 DEVELOPED by the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization - ARMOR TEST Certification and Research Center with participation of the Moscow Regional Public Institution - Opytnoe Regional Certification Center, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise - Central Research Institute of Precise Mechanical Engineering, the Federal State Public Institution - Military Unit 44239, the Closed Joint-Stock Company - Special Materials Scientific Production Association, the Closed Joint-Stock Company - Armored Composites High-Strength Materials Center, the Open Joint-Stock Company - Steel Research Institute
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization under TC 391 "Physical protection equipment and materials for its production"
3 APPROVED AND ENACTED by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology No. 1118-st dated September 30, 2013
4 FIRSTLY INTRODUCED
Application rules of this standard are set in GOST R 1.0—2012 (Section 8). Information about amendments hereto is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index “National standards”, and the official text of amendments and corrections — in the monthly reference index “National standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation hereof, a relevant notice will be published in the next issue of the reference index “ National standards”. Corresponding information, notice and texts are also shared in the public information system, on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru)
© Standartinform, 2014
Full or partial reproduction, replication and distribution of this standard as an official publication is subject to the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ARMORED CLOTHING Test methods Armorclothes. Methods of testing |
Effective date: 01.01.2015
This standard establishes the armored clothing testing methods by its protective properties for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 50744.
This standard does not cover the testing methods of the armored clothing developed and/or manufactured under the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, as well as the testing methods for the protective head equipment.
Regulatory references to the following standards are used in this standard:
GOST 166-89 Vernier callipers. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rules. Specifications
GOST 3722-81 Rolling bearings. Balls. Specifications
GOST 6418-81 Technical coarse wool felt machinery parts from it. Specifications
GOST 7502-98 Measuring metal tapes. Specifications
GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 28653-90 Small-arms. Terms and definitions
GOST R 8.736-2011 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Multiple direct measurements. Methods of measurement results processing. General provisions
GOST R 8.568-97 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Qualification of testing equipment. General provisions
GOST R 50744-95 Armored clothing. Classification and general specifications
GOST R 51215-98 Side arms. Terms and definitions
GOST R 52080-2003 Individual armour protection means. Terms and definitions
GOST R 53228-2008 Non-automatic weighing instruments. Part 1. Metrological and technical requirements. Tests
NOTE — When using this standard it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system – on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual reference index “National standards”, published on January 1 of the current year, and in the issues of the monthly reference index “National standards” for the current year. If the reference standard, to which an undated reference was made, was replaced, it is recommended to use the effective version of this standard as amended. If the reference standard, to which a dated reference was made, was replaced, it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the approval (adoption) year indicated above. If any change was introduced to the reference standard, to which a dated reference was made, with regards to the referenced provision after this standard was approved, the said provision is recommended to be used without consideration of such change. If the reference standard was cancelled without any replacement, the provision referring to it, is recommended to be used in the part not affecting this reference.
The following terms are used in this standard with the corresponding definitions:
Official Edition
3.1 armored clothing: as per GOST R 50744.
3.2 small arms: as per GOST 28653.
3.3 side arms: as per GOST R 51215.
3.4 armored clothing protective structure: as per GOST 52080.
3.5 armored clothing threat level: as per GOST R 50744.
3.6 armored clothing protective element: as per GOST R 50744.
3.7 beyond-armor effect of the destructive agent in case of failure to penetrate the protective structure: as per GOST R 50744.
3.8 fragmentation resistance index of the protective structure V50%: as per GOST R 50744.
3.9 side arms resistance index: as per GOST R 50744.
3.10 bullet resistance: The capability of the armored clothing to resist penetration of cartridge bullets of the small arms.
3.11 fragmentation resistance: The capability of the armored clothing to resist penetration of regulated fragments.
3.12 side arms resistance: The capability of the armored clothing to protect against the stab of the regulated side arms sample.
3.13 weapon: Bullets, regulated fragments (fragment imitators), regulated side arms sample.
3.14 obturation device: A cartridge element placed inside the case between the gun powder and the destructive agent intended for the obturation of powder gases.
3.15 qualifying (non-qualifying) destruction of the armored clothing: as per GOST R 52080.
3.16 armored clothing (armor plate) protection area: Geometric area of the protective structure of the armored clothing (armor plate).
3.17 effective protection area of the armored clothing (armor plate): The area of the protective structure of the armored clothing (armor plate), except the area of the band with a width equal to five bullet gauges or five diameters of the fragment imitator along the edge of the armored clothing perimeter, unless otherwise specified in the regulatory documents for a particular product.
3.18 The following abbreviations are used in this standard:
AC - armored clothing;
AP - armor plate;
BCT - beyond-armor contusion trauma;
DA - destructive agent;
FR - fragmentation resistance;
GOST - interstate standard;
TE - testing equipment;
RD - regulatory documents;
NCC - normal climatic conditions;
OM - operation manual;
MI - measuring instruments;
TU -specifications;
SR - safety rules.
4 General Provisions
4.1.1 Testing aimed at evaluation of the bullet, fragmentation and side arms resistance shall be performed in the testing laboratory duly certified in this field in compliance with the effective law.
4.1.2 Testing equipment, measuring instruments and methodologies shall meet the requirements of the standards of the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements and regulatory documents for the testing methods.
Testing equipment certification requirements: as per GOST R 8.568.
4.1.3 In the course of testing the safety rules shall be observed in accordance with the regulatory documents for a particular product (hereinafter referred to as the RD).
4.1.4 When determining the fragmentation resistance, in case of using special assemblies comprised of a thrown fragment imitator, an obturation device and a kinetic energy source, the assembly components shall not effect the testing item as an added mass of the fragment imitator after they leave the barrel (mounting).
4.1.5 The measurement error of the bullet and/or fragment imitator velocity measuring instrument shall not exceed 1%.
4.1.6 When performing the bullet and fragmentation resistance tests, a special pine-wood dummy shall be used made in the form of a cylinder of 50-70 cm high and 30-50 cm in diameter or in the form of a parallelepiped with the height of 50-70 cm and the side length at the base of 30-50 cm covered with technical coarse wool felt sheets of (20 ± 3) mm thick as per GOST 6418. The armored clothing sample shall be tested for the destructive agent effect at the angle of 90° ± 5° to the dummy face.
The dummy face shape (radius of curvature) shall provide for firm adherence of the testing item (armored clothing sample) at the destructive agent's point of effect.
If V50% ≤ 300 m/s is required as per the regulatory document, the fragmentation resistance of the armored clothing sample shall be evaluated only on a plastic mass of at least 100 mm thick.
A plastic mass unit manufactured as per the regulatory document for a particular product shall be used as a plastic mass with the minimum dimensions of 500x400x100 mm. Measurements shall be made with a rule as per GOST 427.
The plastic mass exposed to the temperature of 20 °С - 22 °С for at least 24 hours shall be calibrated prior to the testing.
A steel ball with the diameter of 63 mm and the weight of 1,054 g shall be dropped from the altitude of 2 m on a pre-aligned block. The mean ball penetration depth based on the sum of three measurements shall be 18-22 mm with the minimum depth of at least 17 mm and the maximum depth not exceeding 23 mm. Measurements shall be made with a vernier caliper as per GOST 166.
4.2 Test Preparation
4.2.1 Testing shall be carried out at the ambient temperature of (20 ± 5) °С. Prior to the testing each armored clothing sample shall be exposed to the said temperature for at least 24 hours.
4.2.2 The armored clothing samples selected for the testing shall be preliminarily exposed to the following factors:
storage in the side chamber at the temperature of minus 40 °С for at least 2 hours;
storage in the heat chamber at the temperature of plus 40 °С for at least 2 hours;
horizontal soaking in a water container at the depth of 0.2 m from the top surface of the sample for at least 1 hour with subsequent water run-off in vertical position for 5 minutes.
The immersion depth shall be measured with a ruler as per GOST 427.
4.2.3 The bullet, fragmentation and side arms resistance of the armored clothing samples exposed to climatic factors shall be evaluated for maximum 30 minutes after the respective impact was over.
4.3 Testing and Test Data Processing
Test data shall be processed as per GOST 8.736.
4.3.1 Bullet Resistance Tests
4.3.1.1 Bullet resistance test objectives and determinable indicators
Tests are aimed at determining the armored clothing sample resistance against the bullet impact of the small arms. The determinable indicator is penetration of (failure to penetrate) the armored clothing samples in the qualifying shot group.
4.3.1.2 The armored clothing sample shall be allocated on a special dummy. Unless otherwise specified in the regulatory document for the armored clothing, the points of impact shall be placed on the sample so that three of them are located in the area of 100x100 mm. Measurements shall be made with a rule as per GOST 427. At least five qualifying shots shall be made from the rifled weapon samples and at least two shots shall be made from the plain-barrel gun samples for each threat level of the armored clothing. If it is impossible to mark five target points on one sample, the protective structure sample can be tested by two shots provided that at least two protective structure samples of the same type are presented for the testing.
4.3.1.3 The armored clothing samples shall be fired from the distance set in compliance with the requirements of GOST R 50744. The distances shall be measured with a tape as per GOST 7502.
4.3.1.4 The bullet velocity at the distance of 3 m (V3) and the armored clothing sample destruction nature shall be registered at each shot.
4.3.1.5 The qualifying shot is accepted as a shot, at which:
the distance from the mean point of impact to the sample edge and/or between the neighbouring mean points of impact is at least five gauges of the destructive agent, unless otherwise specified in the regulatory document for the armored clothing, at that:
the bullet velocity values V3 shall be within the range set in GOST R 50744;
through penetration of the protective structure is observed at the bullet velocity value below that indicated in GOST R 50744 and/or the lower limit V3 for the used weapon (ammunition);
failure to penetrate the protective structure is observed at:
a) the bullet velocity value V3 above the upper limit for the used weapon (ammunition);
b) the distance from the mean point of destruction to the edge of the protective structure or between the neighbouring mean points of destruction is below the set value.
4.3.1.6 The penetration is considered to be through if the entire protective structure of the armored clothing is penetrated irrespective of the exit value of the bullet and/or bullet fragments and/or protective structure fragments beyond the back layer of the armored clothing.
4.3.1.7 The test data shall be registered in the testing log indicating the testing date; name (designation) of the sample; sample manufacturer; data about the testing items, weapons and cartridges; shooting distance; testing results.
4.3.1.8 The test data shall be documented in the report, which shall include:
the name of the testing center (laboratory) and number of its accreditation certificate, its legal address and contact number;
sample identification results;
name, legal address of the customer that requested tests;
name, legal address of the sample manufacturer (if known);
name of the tested products, labeling and regulatory documents for the testing item;
regulatory document forming the basis for the testing and/or designation of this standard;
sampling data;
testing date;
testing conditions and procedure;
testing item firing results;
shot qualification;
compliance of the armored clothing with all properties, requirements of the regulatory document for the armored clothing, as well as the threat level as per GOST R 50744.
The test report shall be signed by the head of the testing center (laboratory), the tester and certified with a corporate seal on each sheet.
4.3.2 Fragmentation Resistance Tests
4.3.2.1 Test objectives and determinable indicators
The fragmentation resistance tests are aimed at determining the resistance of the armored clothing sample against the impact of fragments (fragment imitators).
The fragment velocity value, at which the failure to penetrate the armored clothing sample is observed with the probability of 0.5 (V50%) is taken as a fragmentation resistance indicator.
Based on the accepted fragmentation resistance indicator, the testing is limited to the selection of such mean fragment velocity in the shot group, at which one half of shots (or a part close to a half) can provide for failure to penetrate and another half (or the remaining part) can provide for penetration of the armored clothing sample through the shot-wise velocity spread of qualifying shots with subsequent calculation of the unknown indicator.
One sample of the armored clothing (armor plate) shall be submitted for the testing. The number of samples can be increased depending on the scope of performed testing.
If the sample has the dimensions, which do not allow performing testing in full scope, the number of samples shall be also increased.
4.3.2.2 When determining the fragmentation resistance of the armored clothing, the fragment imitators shall be used as destructive agents, which are steel balls with the weight of 1.05 g and the diameter of 6.35 mm as per GOST 3722.
The fragment shall be thrown from a special device ensuring the required muzzle velocity of fragments.
4.3.2.3 The armored clothing sample shall be allocated on a special dummy and fixed so that firm adherence is ensured.
4.3.2.4 The sample shall be fired in the projection of the effective protection area of the armored clothing in a uniform manner, all over its surface. Tests shall start from the velocity set in the regulatory document for the armored clothing with subsequent change of the fragment velocity based on the "up-down" scheme.
4.3.2.5 The armored clothing samples are exposed to normal firing uniformly all over the surface and the fragment velocity is measured at the distance of 0.75 ± 0.025 from the armored clothing face. Measurements shall be made with a rule as per GOST 427.
The changed fragment velocity is taken as an impact velocity.
4.3.2.6 The destruction nature of the armored clothing sample, i.e. its penetration or failure to penetrate it, shall be registered at each shot.
4.3.2.7 The input value of the fragment velocity is taken in compliance with the regulatory document for the armored clothing.
4.3.2.8 Testing shall be performed in accordance with the following procedure.
If both penetrations of and failures to penetrate the armored clothing sample are observed at the first five shots, the fragment firing shall continue until twenty qualifying observations are received.
If only penetrations of or only failures to penetrate the armored clothing sample are observed at the first five shots, the fragment velocity shall be adjusted (reduced or increased) and then the tests shall be continued.
The fragmentation resistance tests are deemed to be completed when failures to penetrate the armored clothing sample account for 50% to 75% of hits out of the group of twenty qualifying shots and the remaining part relates to penetrations or vice versa.
4.3.2.9 The shot resulting in a through penetration is considered to be a shot, at which the steel ball penetrates through all layers of the protective structure irrespective of the ball exit value beyond the test sample.
Shots, at which the distance from the mean point of destruction to the edge of the protective structure is at least 30 mm and the distance between the mean points of adjacent destructions is at least 25 mm, are related to qualifying shots. In addition, a shot, at which the mean point of destruction is located at the distance of at least 30 mm from the edge of the protective structure and/or at least 25 mm from the mean point of the adjacent destruction without the product penetration, is also related to qualifying shots. Measurements shall be made with a rule as per GOST 427.
4.3.2.10 The test data processing is limited to calculating the velocity of 50% of the failure to penetrate armored clothing sample in accordance with the following algorithm.
a) In case of the equal number of shots accompanied with failure to penetrate or penetration of the armored clothing sample, the velocity V50% is taken as a mean fragment velocity Vmean0.75 of shots in the qualifying group.
b) If the number of shots with failure to penetrate and penetration received in the qualifying group is unequal, but penetrations or failures to penetrate account for at least 25%, the velocity V50% shall be calculated by the formula (1)
V50% = Vavg0.75 + ΔV. (1)
In order to determine the error correction AV, probable deviation of the fragment velocity shall be calculated in the qualifying group by the formula (2)
rv=0,6745·√(Σ(Vi0,75-Vcp0,75)2)/√(n-1) (2)
The value rv in the qualifying group shall not exceed 14 m/s.
If the value rv exceeds 14 m/s, the group is considered to be non-qualifying and the required number of additional shots shall be made with the fragment velocities close to the mean velocity in the obtained group. At that, in case of failure to penetrate the sample, the shot(s) with the lowest failed penetration velocity shall be excluded from the group, and in case of penetration - that (those) with the highest penetration velocity. The value rV shall be recalculated after each shot (group of shots). Firing shall continue until the qualifying group of shots is received.
The error correction value ΔV shall be determined based on Table 1 with consideration of rv and the number of penetrations in the group of n shots. The error correction value shall be taken with a "plus" sign if penetrations account for less than 50% and with a "minus" sign if they exceed 50%.
Table 1 - Error correction values ΔV, m/s
rV |
Number of penetrations in the groups of twenty shots, % |
||||
75, 25 |
70, 30 |
65, 35 |
60, 40 |
55, 45 |
|
1 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
2 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
3 |
3.0 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
4 |
4.0 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
5 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
6 |
6.0 |
4.7 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
7 |
7.0 |
5.4 |
4.0 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
8 |
8.0 |
6.2 |
4.6 |
3.0 |
1.5 |
9 |
9.0 |
7.0 |
5.2 |
3.4 |
1.7 |
10 |
10.0 |
7.8 |
5.7 |
3.8 |
1.9 |
11 |
11.0 |
8.6 |
6.3 |
4.1 |
2.1 |
12 |
12.0 |
9.3 |
6.9 |
4.5 |
2.3 |
13 |
13.0 |
10.1 |
7.4 |
4.9 |
2.4 |
14 |
14.1 |
10.9 |
8.0 |
5.3 |
2.6 |
4.3.2.11 The fragmentation resistance of the tested armored clothing sample shall be assessed by comparing the received velocity value V50% with the requirement of the regulatory document for the armored clothing.
4.3.2.12 The test data shall be registered in the testing log indicating:
testing date;
sample name (designation);
sample manufacturer and customer;
name and main characteristics of the fragment imitator;
firing distance;
ambient temperature;
fragment imitator velocity;
kill assessment.
4.3.2.13 The test data shall be documented in the report, which shall include:
name and number of the accreditation certificate of the testing center (laboratory), its legal address and contact number;
sample identification results;
name, legal address of the customer that requested tests;
name, legal address of the sample manufacturer (if known);
name of the tested products, labeling and regulatory documents for the testing item;
regulatory document forming the basis for the testing and/or designation of this standard;
sampling data;
testing date;
testing conditions and procedure;
tested item destruction results;
shot qualification;
fragment imitator velocity, design velocity V50%;
protective structure assessment by its fragmentation resistance.
The test report shall be signed by the tester and head of the testing center (laboratory) and certified with a corporate seal on each sheet.
4.3.3 Side arms resistance tests
4.3.3.1 The test objective and determinable indicators of the side arms resistance.
The tests are carried out to determine the armored clothing sample resistance against the stab impact of the regulated side arms sample: a bayonet-knife ind. 6x5 of factory sharpening.
The blade penetration depth beyond the back side of the armored clothing sample when being penetrated by the blade with a set kinetic energy of 49 ± 1 J is taken as a side arms resistance indicator.
Tests shall be carried out on a duly certified pendulum impactor providing for a side arms stab with the interaction energy of 49 ± 1 J.
The kinetic energy of the stab (EK) shall be determined by the formula (3)
EK = mgl (cos В - cos С), (3)
where t is the weight of the pendulum with the side arms sample, kg;
g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2;
l is the distance from the pendulum axis to the center of gravity, m;
C is the pendulum charge angle, degrees;
B is the pendulum angle of elevation after the impact on the testing item, degrees
The pendulum weight shall be measured on the analytical balance as per GOST 53228.
The distance between the pendulum axis to the center of gravity shall be measured with a tape as per GOST
7502.
Note: Tests can be performed on other testing equipment ensuring similar results.
4.3.3.2 The armored clothing sample shall be allocated on a special dummy, which is a wooden base tightly covered with felt as per GOST 6418 with the thickness of 40 mm. The outer dimensions of the dummy and its face shape (radius of curvature) shall provide for firm adherence of the sample at the point of impact of the side arms blade. At that, any bends or shear of the armored clothing sample material in the expected blade impact area (with the minimum diameter of 100 mm) are not allowed. A witness made of sheet material (for example, a polyethylene film of 0.1-0.2 mm thick) shall be placed between the dummy and the armored clothing sample as per GOST 10354.
4.3.3.3 In the course of testing, ten qualifying impacts shall be provided on the armored clothing sample (5 pcs. along and across the sample axis of symmetry each).
The impact is considered to be qualifying if:
the interaction energy is within the range of 49 ± 1 J;
the point of impact is located at the distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the armored clothing sample, as well as the edges of previous impacts, unless otherwise specified in the regulatory document for the armored clothing. Measurements shall be made with a rule as per GOST 427;
interaction is normal with the maximum allowable deviation of ± 5°.
The impact produced with the energy above 50 J and/or closer than 50 mm from the edge of the armored clothing sample, as well as the edges of previous impacts, at which the blade penetration beyond the back side of the armored clothing sample does not exceed 5 mm, is related to a qualifying one.
The impact, at which the above-stated conditions are not met, is related to a non-qualifying one.
4.3.3.4 The depth of the blade penetration beyond the back layer of the armored clothing sample shall be determined at each impact.
4.3.3.5 The test data processing is limited to calculating the mean penetration depth values of the side arms blade beyond the back side of the armored clothing sample in the group of qualifying impacts at each test condition.
4.3.3.6 The sample is considered to have passed the tests if:
there is no through penetration of the armored clothing sample with a side arms blade;
the mean exit value of the side arms blade beyond the back side of the armored clothing protective structure is within the range set in GOST R 50744.
Otherwise the armored clothing sample is considered to have failed to pass the test.
4.3.3.7 The test data shall be registered in the testing log indicating:
testing date;
sample name (designation);
sample manufacturer and customer;
name of the side arms sample;
ambient temperature;
design values of the kinetic interaction energy;
kill assessment.
4.3.3.8 The test data shall be documented in the report, which shall include:
the name of the testing center (laboratory) and number of its accreditation certificate, its legal address and contact number;
sample identification results;
name, legal address of the customer that requested tests;
name, legal address of the sample manufacturer (if known);
name of the tested products, labeling and regulatory documents for the testing item;
regulatory document forming the basis for the testing and/or designation of this standard;
sampling data;
testing date;
testing conditions and procedure;
design values of the kinetic interaction energy;
testing results; evaluation of test data.
The test report shall be signed by the tester and head of the testing center (laboratory) and certified with a corporate seal on each sheet.
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